Questions and answers
What is a seed phrase?
A seed phrase can commonly recover a set of wallet accounts. It is highly sensitive and should be kept offline rather than stored in screenshots, cloud notes or messages.
What is a private key?
A private key directly controls an account. Anyone who has it can sign as that account, so it should not be entered into unfamiliar sites, chats or support forms.
Can a receiving address be public?
A receiving address is generally a public blockchain identifier used for receiving and lookup, although publishing it can reveal observable on-chain activity.
Why do I need to verify the network?
Similar address formats can exist on independent networks. The asset network, gas asset and destination context need to match or be handled through an explicit cross-network process.
Is gas fixed?
No. Gas costs depend on network rules, congestion and operation complexity. Use the current transaction details as the relevant reference.
What is a transaction hash for?
A transaction hash identifies an on-chain transaction and can be used in the relevant explorer to inspect status, block inclusion and execution result.
Why can a failed transaction still cost gas?
The network may have executed computation before recording failure, so gas can still be consumed depending on the chain and the execution path.
Can a wallet reverse a submitted transaction?
On-chain transactions generally cannot be unilaterally reversed by a wallet, which is why address, network and amount should be checked before confirmation.
Does connecting to a DApp automatically move assets?
A connection is different from transfers, signatures and token approvals, but every request after connecting should still be reviewed independently.
Are message signatures the same as transaction signatures?
Not exactly. A message signature may prove account control, while a transaction signature can change on-chain state. Read the actual request.
What is a token approval?
A token approval lets a contract use tokens within a defined scope. Check both the contract and allowance, and consider revoking approvals that are no longer needed.
What is an EVM network?
An EVM network uses an Ethereum Virtual Machine compatible execution environment. Networks may share address and contract patterns while maintaining independent state.
How does Layer 2 relate to a base layer?
Layer 2 systems use different mechanisms to scale processing while maintaining a relationship with a base layer. Cross-layer actions can involve bridges and waiting periods.
How can I reduce phishing risk?
Verify the domain, distrust urgent direct messages, fake airdrops and fake support, and never send seed phrases, private keys or verification codes to anyone.
Does Ethereum staking guarantee returns?
No. Rewards can change, exits can involve waiting, and validator penalties, contract risks, third-party risks and market volatility remain.
Why can validators be penalized?
PoS networks expect validators to follow protocol rules. Downtime, incorrect behavior or protocol violations can lead to different forms of penalties.